Book.



D. FARQUHAR.

BOOK.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. I8. 1915 1,243,394 I Patented 001;. 16,191?

o 9 19 23 Mafia ee i jiwweaa-wy 'BooK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 16, 1917.

Application filed 0etober18, 1915. Serial N 0. 56,379.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID FARooHAR, a

citizen of the United States, residing in Lincoln, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Ira-i provement in Books, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention. relates to books and has for its object to produce a superior bookat a minimum expense, and especially renewed books whose leaves are composed of paper of inferior quality, such, for instance, as are found in old books used in public libraries.

-When a book embodying this invention is made from old books, the leaves of the latter are first trimmed'ofl" and stacked up or alined so that the back edges of the leaves are square or in the same plane. A series of holes are then punched through the leaves near the back edges thereof, which may be effected by a gang of needles: in a suitable machine, said needles being uniformly spaced apart, preferably about one-half inch. The needles penetratethe leaves simultaneously, and each needle forms a hole in each of the superimposed leaves, so thatthe holes formed in all the leaves by each needle register with one another and form a column of holes, and the columns of holes formed in the leaves are located a uniform distance from the back edge of the leaves and from each other. The leaves are then sewedtogether by stitches formed from a continuous length of thread, and'said stitches are made as will be described, so that preferably straight outside stitches are formed across the back of the leaves at the opposite ends thereof and inclined outside stitches are formed between the endmoststitches, while straight stitches are formed in the columns of holes in the leaves, for a purpose as will be described. i

In starting to sew the leaves,-a sufiicient length of thread is preferably left on one side of the stack of leaves for the purpose of sewing an endcover or fly-leaf to one side of the book, and in finishing the sewing a like length of thread is used to sew an end cover or fly leaf on the'opposite' side of the book. Those end portions of thread may and preferably will be knotted or securely tied to the straight end stitches, so'

that the end covers or fly-leaves are hinged to the stitches employed to sew the leaves of the book together.

The outside stitches and particularly the inclined stitches are preferably left slack or somewhat slack, so as to permit the back of the book to be rounded when the coveris applied thereto, which is done in the mannernow commonly practised, and also for the purpose of affording sufficient freedom between the leaves, to allow the book to be opened up freely or substantially flat at any part without placing strain upon the paper leaves or upon the thread itself, and when the book is opened up the individual leaves can be turned freely on the stitches as guides without tearing the leaves or placing strain upon the same.

The stitches pass through all of the leaves of the book within the back edge of said leaves, and also on the outside of said leaves, and the latter enable reinforcingtape strips usually employed onthe back of the book to be dispensed with.

The particular features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 is a view of a book embodying this invention.

Fig. 2, a view with the book shown in Fig. 1 opened into a substantially flat position.

Fig. 3, a plan of the'leaves of the book shown in Figs. 1 and 2 provided with the needle holes and stacked in position ready for stitching.

1 Fig. 4, an elevation of the stack of leaves shown in Fig. 3.

Figs. 5 and 6, enlarged views of the leaves to illustrate the sewing.

Fig. 7, a detail in section to illustrate the straight stitches, and v Fig. 8, a detail in plan of the cover leaf opened. 7 v

' Referring to the drawing, (it represents a book embodying the invention and b the leaves thereof.

The leaves '72 may be new or fresh, or they may be those of an old book, and inasmuch as the invention is especially serviceable for renewing old books whose leaves are of the poorer quality of paper, such,'for instance, as old books used in public libraries and subject to constant use and wear,I will describe in detail the method ofrenewing old books.

" The leaves I) of the old book are trimmed to the same size, and then placed ina suitable machine (not shown but whichis pr o vided with a gang ofneedles spaced apart, preferably about one-half inch. 5 The needles are forced through the stack 41 5 nefi i-ieee lesc (see; Figs; 3" and whicha re located near the back edge of the leaves.orrawvhatamaywbe;

the leavesare alined; or registerto form a...

seriesor plurality of. columns .ofoholes, as. represented by dotted lines inEi'gr. Am a It; maybe preferred to insert. a needleiorc otherv device. in .one of 1 the. endmostz columns. of holes. to preserve. the -..a1inement,; when; the sewing is begun. i

.The operator then starts. at. the other end:, of. the. stack .o'fleaves, to.wit.:-the.left.hand end, viewing Figs. 4 and 5, by pass'ingcau threaded,.needle.ddwn through theleft hafid column. 1010f holes in..,Figs..I4e and; 5,116; ing .a length ofthread 12 abovetheistack which is greater than .thedengthi of the. leaves, for a purpose as will-' be,described-...= A straight stitch 13 is .thus formedfinthe column .10 of holes .,(see.Fig'.L.7.);

The, threadedneedle; is thenrarried .up; and again passed down through :the column; 10 of holes, and. ,theslack in; the .threadfis taken up so as to form a straight stitch 214-. outside of. and. across the backi-of the; leaves banda straightstitch 15. intheacolumn .10:v of holes, so that the endmost columnslOg: ofholes has in; it two straightstitches 13 .15.

The; operator, thencarries the thread-cups across; thefback of the leaves-and;ipassesflits down through the next columnQof-N YhOlG Si marked. 16. in: .Figs- 4 nd-5,.and; thenj. up across the back and down through themextg column of holesmarkedll', and so onzllntil the endmost column of holes, marked, 18 lis: eac ed. her by rmingr n the. outside .of the leaves I) a series of inclinedstitches519a; When' the operator arrives, at .thisjlast column 18 of holes, the alining needle, abOSEe, referred to is removed, and theuthr adiis passed down through. the. columnjl8l ,tmformg the straight stitch 20 and then up, acrossthe f back. of theleaves to.form, the straightmutside stitch 21 and then; down through, the;' column 18 of holes, again: .to..form,,a.second straightstitch 22- The operator'then un; threads theneedleand. leaves a. l ngth .3. of. t ead, wh ch is greaterthauthel ngtheoJi'; the leaves. or purpo e as-cg fll; b ig ea scribed, ltewill; be. understoodzthati. the. thread is drawn upon suflicientlY-.,to being;

as the-131311561165 .ontheou sidew he .leatesasubstantially close to the same and yet leave them more or less slack, f0r a purpose as The surplus lengths 12, 23 of threads are then employed for sewing the cover or fly 7 lflYeS gfh, 25;, to the book (see Fig, 6), and this b'e done as follows: Referring to Fig.,.5., ;the;surplus length 12 of thread is threaded through a needle and is preferably first tied or knotted-tothe; straightthreads 1.75 13, 15,.-..on. top .of the leaves, I andxthe surplus length. 12 :is. then... p assedtthrough; the cloth, on other strips .26 i see iFig; 8),. which ibind togethen: two, fly. .leavesoor.coverirleavest2h. andi. thenunder: one .or I morecof the inclinedggg threa ds: 19:. upqthroughtthecloth. strip 2 6E and. so .on, until :thestraight end; stitches 20., 21-, arereached whereuponthe:thread l2zisitiedz or knotted to these straight stitches.

Theabooksismeversed,;.and1the:c.over onfiy leaves-25 are. sewed imallike manner,,to the end stitches. 2.0,; 21, i 13,; 15,1; and, inclined.- stitches :19 bythe;.sunplusplengthz23,:whichJ istied-onknottedto;the;straightendtstitches.t.

In; this manner, theeecovereor end; oreflyv 0 leavesl24, 25. are firmlyxyeteflexibly; secured to; -the. hook andzbysreasonof: the;knots-, they; are capableivof turning as-on hinge.

A.. ,s11penior, books is... thuseproduced La... minimum time and atza minimum .cost;over. 5 the. method nowrcommonly practisedzinsre-s newingeold; books ifon. thereasoncthat the.

outsideitstitches. and. particularly.thezim-. clinedstitches;.arelleft;more onzless slackesoa that. when the cover ,30..,0fi the .b0oksi'ssap 1 p1ied;therete by; the. methodcofelpindingcnom. commonlyipractisedetheebackaof the lOQQko may e-.,ro1mc1ed in, the proper... or desired; manner; now-,1 commonly: practised; infibiilding books,. -and; at the same;time..afio1 d.suifieient: 5 freedom. etween ,the-...leaves to. allow ethe... book.;to,.be-opened up freely. atzanyi past, as;- representedtin' Rig-- 5 Without placingstraim. upon. theepap-er, leaves on upon. thestitches, whichzallozws. a. stronger. threarh to: lriepllsmile and. a. .strongerikbook; to v he;v producedaasi the. gutiide: threads ..r ii1;force. the.. ook? at; its; 3,0

thermoredt willibeyllQtiG dl that .the; straight .stitchesll -whichrpass throughethei leayes are-alt;at,the.sameauon-.1uniform;-.-disn tance from, the b& k{ 8dgS;-.;O.fu :all ;0f,n. ithe; lea eshandain; the comple ed bookganegsu en stantially parallel and extend tIEaIISYBISQly thereof, and. consequen ly e l aftin the ook sambe. tur edibac andeopened unto. e s me point .or p siti n, a iea hi zleat m. beturn di ely o thers r ightfs ito'hesi1 g des, andwhen t e.beqkisjclbseeh. the; hteads, r t rn-. 20 t eirzprope PQS L O LA IdsIZS i -a oldtt ei origin l tension.

Claims;

1. -As .a new article of -manufacturmea; e thaving allot its.l avesunit dt gethers and-ate cev rel aves by; a s ngle l ngth. 015x thread forming straight stitches within the back edge of the leaves and inclined stitches outside of the back edge of said leaves and stitches. extended lengthwise of the uppermost and lowermost leaves of the book, the latter stitches uniting said cover leaves with the leaves of the book.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a book having its leaves united by a plurality of straight stitches extended through the leaves transversely of the book and by inclined stitches located outside of said leaves and extended across the back edges of the same and connecting said straight stitches, and cover leaves hinged to said stitches.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

DAVID FARQUHAR.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

